did isaiah and jeremiah live at the same time

Many messages and prophecies can be understood correctly only if seen against the background of the time in which the prophets ministered and in the light of the events that happened during their lives. If chapter 52, a historical appendix, was written by the prophet, he must have lived until 561, when Jehoiachin was released from prison by King Evil-Merodach of Babylon (see chapter 52:31). 4:3 with Amos 8:8; Hosea 4:15 with Amos 5:5; and Hosea 8:14 with Amos 2:5). So early a date for Jonah1s ministryabout 790 B.C.fits well into Assyrian history. A. chapter 11:9, 10). In Isaiah The postexilic view.The absence of any reference to a king of Judah or to Assyria or Babylon, the reference to the hostility of Tyre and Sidon, and the mention of Greeks have been taken by some commentators as evidence for a postexilic date for Joel. from the ends of the earth (Jeremiah 16:19), to the light of truth shining forth from the mountain of the Lord (Isaiah 2:3; 60:3; 56:7; cf. WebJeremiah is allowed to remain in Jerusalem. By Which king? It is important to note that all the Old Testament promises looking forward to a time of restoration for the Jews were given in anticipation of their return from captivity (see Isaiah 10:24-34; 14:1-7; 27:12, 13; 40:2; 61:4-10; Jeremiah 16:14-16; 23:3-8; 25:11; 29:10-13; 30:3-12; 32:7-27, 37-44; Ezekiel 34:11-15; 37; Amos 9:10-15; Micah 2:12, 13; etc.). Continued obedience was necessary to the continuance of divine favor, whereas persistent disobedience must inevitably culminate in the rejection of the Jewish nation as Gods chosen instrument for carrying out the divine plan (Deuteronomy 28:15-68). What are the common divisions of Isaiah made by contemporary scholars? Copyright 2008 - http://www.BibleChronologyTimeline.com. Most of them left chronological data by which the duration of their ministry can be determined, at least approximately. As the people cooperated with the directions God gave them in regard to the culture of the soil, the land would gradually be restored to Edenic fertility and beauty (Isaiah 51:3). 4:14; Colossians 2:2-4, 8; 2 Peter 1:16; Revelation 22:18). Another reason to trust God is there is nothing too complicated for Him. These were remedied by the vigorous actions of the governor. Psalms 68:31. After the great final call to the world to acknowledge the true God, those who persisted in refusing allegiance to Him would unite together with the evil thought of laying siege to the city of Jerusalem and taking it by force of arms, in order to appropriate to themselves the material advantages with which God had blessed His people (Ezekiel 38:8-12; Jeremiah 25:32; Joel 3:1, 12; Zechariah 12:2-9; 14:2; cf. They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. However, there is also no reference made to Persia, which would be expected if the book was of so late a date. ), have never been and can never be fulfilled to them as a nation. Ninevehs destruction, which came in 612, is referred to as a future event, indicating that Zephaniahs work preceded this date. Furthermore, Old Testament prophecy must first be examined in terms of its historical application to literal Israel before the validity of a derived application to spiritual Israel may be undertaken. WebIsaiah 65:12 I will destine you for the sword, and you will all kneel down to be slaughtered, because I called and you did not answer, I spoke and you did not listen; you did evil in My sight and chose that in which I did not delight." Observe the conditional aspects of the prediction and ascertain whether or not, or to what extent, the conditions were met. Also, Jeremiah (chapter 26:18), quoting Micah (chapter 3:12), testifies that Micah ministered during Hezekiahs time. These observations seem to place Zephaniah in the early years of Josiahs reign, perhaps about 630 B.C., as a contemporary of Habakkuk. Paul makes it clear beyond argument that when he speaks of Israel as the chosen people of God he means it in this sense. We should never forget that whatsoever things were written aforetime were written for the learning of future generations to the end of time, to inspire patience, comfort, and hope (Romans 15:4). He probably died in the Nile country. Pests and diseases, flood and drought, crop failureall these would eventually disappear. Furthermore, it should be remembered that the Messiah, after the flesh, was a Jew, that the charter members of the Christian church were all Jews, and that Christianity grew out of Judaism. Uzziah was sole king over Judah from 767 to 750, and Jeroboam over Israel from 782 to 753. Daniel was taken to Babylon in 605 B.C., during the accession year of Nebuchadnezzar (see on chapter 1:1). In the endeavor to account for this seeming enigma, Bible expositors have set forth various explanations: 1. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). What archaeological evidence implies Isaiah was a unified book? The following brief summaries contain the evidence on which the various prophets have been entered in the chronological positions in which they are found in the chart. Hence the year 571/70 must not be considered as necessarily marking the end of his ministry. King James Bible At the same time spake the LORD by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, Go and loose the sackcloth from off thy loins, and put off thy shoe from thy foot. Isaiah 54:7; Ezekiel 36:11; 43:10, 11; Micah 6:8; Zechariah 10:6). Amos presents himself to his readers as a herdsman and a gatherer of sycomore fruit (chapters 1:1; 7:14). Gods promises are made conditional upon mans cooperation and obedience. 1-39 40-55 56-66. In these tragic events the words of Moses met their final and complete fulfillment: As the Lord rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the Lord will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goes to possess it. The prophet Ezekiel, a priest, was one of the 10,000 Jews taken into exile by Nebuchadnezzar in 597 B.C., when King Jehoiachin was carried to Babylon. In other words, they prophesied and ministered about the same time. Had Jerusalem known what it was her privilege to know, and heeded the light that Heaven sent her, she would have stood forth in magnificent prosperity, the queen of kingdoms, the mighty metropolis of the earth, and would, like a noble vine, have filled the face of the world with fruit (Isaiah 27:6). Micah was a prophet from Moresheth-gath (chapter 1:1, 14), probably Tell ejJudeideh in southwestern Judah. At the time of the Babylonian captivity God had specifically announced that that experience was not to mark a full end of Israel as Gods people (Jeremiah 4:27; 5:18; 46:28). Several of his messages were against various foreign nations. Another reason to trust God is there is nothing too complicated for Him. The importance of their books cannot be overestimated, as many of these prophecies are yet to be fulfilled. Thus it had been with Enoch (Genesis 5:24), Abraham (chapter 26:5), and Joseph (chapter 39:2-6). The close of his ministry is tentatively set by some scholars at 510. Nothing is known concerning the prophet Habakkuk beyond his name. If the nation had been faithful to its trust and had appreciated the high destiny reserved for it by God, the whole earth would have awaited the coming of the Messiah with eager expectancy. The student of the Bible who hopes to secure from it the greatest help will first proceed to reconstruct the historical context of each passage. In fact, this procedure is responsible more than anything else for the fanciful interpretations that distinguish the teachings of certain religious groups. It is thought, furthermore, that his ministry fell in the years when the high priest Jehoiada acted as regent for the child king Joash (2 Kings 11:17 to 12:2), which fact would explain why the king is not mentioned anywhere in the book, while at the same time the Temple service flourished. Yet in mercy, God still bore with His people, and in due time Messiah came (Malachi 3:1-3). Remember that the record of Gods dealings with His people in ages past has been recorded for the benefit of all later generations to the end of time. Formal worship took the place of sincere religion (cf. Nick Baumgardner, a senior writer from the same publication, predicts Notre Dames all-time sack leader will fall to the early third round in his latest mock draft.. Daniel Jeremiah, a draft analyst for the NFL Network, concurs. 740-680 BC (8th Century) question. All that had been promised might yet come to pass if they would only love and serve Him (Zechariah 6:15; cf. 2. He saw the destruction of Jerusalem and of the Beth Hamikdosh, after his warnings and prophecies fell on deaf ears. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. There, he spent an unknown number of years before his return to Judea and his discovery of the abuses described in chapter 13. It is not known whether Malachi is the name of the author or simply the title of an otherwise anonymous author, since Malachi means my messenger. If it is the latter, his is the only anonymous work among the prophetic books of the Old Testament. Then came a pause in his activity of almost two years, at the end of which Zechariah received another divine message, on December 6, 518 (chapter 7:1), recorded in chapters 7 and 8. In the prophetic picture God is represented as gathering the nations to Jerusalem (Joel 3:1, 2; Zephaniah 3:6-8; cf. God entered into solemn covenant relationship with him (Genesis 15:18; 17:2-7), and his posterity, Israel, inherited the sacred trust of being Gods chosen representatives on earth (Hebrews 11:9) for the salvation of the entire human race. Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. Accordingly, the book can probably be dated about 425 B.C. Far from becoming the light of the world, the Jews shut themselves away from the world as a safeguard against being seduced into idolatry (see Deuteronomy 11:26, 27; cf. Which division of Isaiah is the outline used in class. Jeremiah 49:14, 16), and Joel (Obadiah 15, 17; cf. WebJeremiah was active as a prophet from the thirteenth year of Josiah, king of Judah (626 BC), until after the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of Solomon's Temple in 587 BC. Higher than the highest human thought can reach is Gods ideal for His children. Ezekiel 38:16, 18-23; 39:1-7). 3. A Jewish legend claims that he was stoned to death by his people. As the nations of antiquity should behold Israels unprecedented progress, their attention and interest would be aroused. To their own question, What nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them? the Gentiles would answer, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people (Deuteronomy 4:7, 6). Joel 1:15; 2:1, 32) can hardly serve as evidence for either a late or an early date. 34:23) 622 Jeremiah 11 and 12 are given. One needs to keep these in mind to better understand the heart of Isaiah's message. WebIn Isaiah, we read about God's unbroken relationship with His people both the promise and its fulfillment in an ongoing pattern that's visible throughout history. Thus it was with Moses, of whom, to the very day of his death, it could be said that his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated (Deuteronomy 34:7). It was last of all that God sent unto them his son, according to Christs own words (Matthew 21:37), but they caught him and slew him (verse 39). The completeness and finality of this rejection is evident from chapter 8:19, 20: As the nations which the Lord destroyeth before your face, so shall ye perish; because ye would not be obedient unto the voice of the Lord your God. The rejection of Jesus by the leaders of Israel (cf. WebLast time you checked the cover of your family Bible, it probably didnt say The Bible, by God. since nearly all are named and credit given to a specific writer: the book of Isaiah to Isaiah, the books of Jeremiah and Lamentations to Jeremiah, the book of Ezekiel to Ezekiel, and so on. His book contains no direct to establish the time of his mission to Nineveh. Jeremiah 1:7 But the LORD told me: "Do not say, 'I am only a child.' All three of these guys have overwhelming experience where they are called to be prophets. 3. Thus it was also with Samuel, Elijah, John the Baptist (see on Matthew 3:4), John the Beloved (see on Mark 3:17), and many others. In one way or another each of these attempts at interpreting the messages of the Old Testament prophets neglects significant teachings of Scripture, evades fundamental principles of exegesis, and provides a distorted picture of the predictive sections of prophecy. 6. Nation after nation would come over (Isaiah 45:14), that is, be joined with and cleave to the house of Jacob (chapter 14:1). Isaiahs whole ministry from Uzziah to Manasseh must therefore have lasted more than half a century. 5. National greatness. Through Israel of old, God planned to provide the nations of earth with a living revelation of His own holy character and an exhibit of the glorious heights to which man can attain by cooperating with His infinite purposes. Jeremiah had been chosen by God for his office before birth (chapter 1:5), and was called to be a prophet at a tender age (chapter 1:6, 7). The fundamental principle by which we can tell unerringly when any particular promise or prediction of the Old Testament made originally to literal Israel is to meet its fulfillment with respect to spiritual Israel iswhen a later inspired writer makes such an application of it. Some believe that the prophet refers to the conquest of Jerusalem at the time of King Jehoram (2 Kings 8:20-22; 2 Chronicles 21:8-10, 16, 17) in the 9th century; others believe that the prophet is speaking of Jerusalems destruction by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 B.C. are longer and contain more pages and more chapters than the minor prophets). Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. For these reasons the 7th-century date for Joel has been adopted in this commentary, although there is no conclusive proof that this choice is correct. However, all his messages were addressed to the northern nation. He will listen to the prophet speaking to Israel of old and endeavor to understand what his words meant to the people who originally heard them. Daniel 2:35). Furthermore, the repeated mention of Judahs wickedness, described as enormous in his day (see chapters 1:4-6, 8, 9, 12; 3:1-3, 7), points to the time before Josiahs reform, which began in 623/22. Tell them that in Isaiah 9, Jesus entire life and death is referenced. The church in this generation has been endowed by God with great privileges and blessings, and He expects corresponding returns. All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. According to His beneficent purpose, the covenant promises were to have met fulfillment in large measure during the centuries following the return of the Israelites from the lands of their captivity. In their meticulous attention to the letter of the law they lost sight of its spirit. Rabbinic tradition has it that Isaiah's father, Amoz (not the same as Amos the prophet), was a brother of King Amaziah. Galatians 3:27-29; see on Deuteronomy 18:15). The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. They brought forth wild grapes rather than the mature fruit of a Godlike character (Isaiah 5:1-7; cf. In Him I have placed my trust, and He is the Lord of the Great Throne. (Q. Paul emphasizes the fact that the rejection of literal Israel as Gods chosen instrument for the salvation of the world does not mean that individual Jews can no longer be saved (chapters 9:6; 11:1, 2, 11, 15), for he is a Jew himself (chapters 9:3; 10:1; 11:1, 2). Hosea was from the Northern Kingdom, Micah and Jeremiah were from the Southern kingdom. They were to show forth His praise (chapter 43:21), to declare His glory among the heathen (chapter 66:19), to be a light to the Gentiles (chapters 49:6; 42:6, 7). Returning to their homelands, the Gentile ambassadors would counsel their fellow countrymen, Let us go speedily to pray before the Lord, and to seek the Lord (Zechariah 8:21, 22; cf. This would make Isaiah first cousin to King Uzziah and grandson to By divine appointment the sacred writings were preserved, century after century, and Israel became their custodian (Amos 3:7; Romans 3:1, 2). Dead sea scrolls. This Upper Egyptian capital city, better known by its Greek name Thebes, was destroyed by King Ashurbanipal in 663 B.C., a date that provides the upper time limit of Nahums prophecy. Micah states that his ministry fell in the time of the kings Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah (chapter 1:1). Nabopolassar 626 B.C. In that year, in the fifth month, there was public conflict between Jeremiah and the prophet Hananiah (Jeremiah 28). He would renew His covenant with them (Jeremiah 31:10-38; Ezekiel 36:21-38; Zechariah 1:12, 17; 2:12), including its accompanying blessings (Jeremiah 33:3, 6-26; Ezekiel 36:8-15). That the Bible really does claim that the stretching out of the heavens is both finished and ongoing is made all the more evident in Isaiah 40:22. Nevertheless, Isaiah believed that Judah was Gods chosen nation and they would be vindicated by God. During the siege, reprobate Israelites would be slain by their foes (Zechariah 13:8; 14:2). Nothing is impossible with God. His work is characterized by skill in the use of language, a well-balanced syntax, and a lively and impressive poetry. Before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, God warned them not to forget that the blessings they were to enjoy there if they cooperated with Him would come as divine gifts (see Deuteronomy 8:7-14), not primarily as the result of their own wisdom and skill (verses 17-19). Thus it was with Daniel, a bright example of what man may become, even in this life, if he will make God his strength and wisely improve the opportunities and privileges within his reach (see Daniel 1:8-20). But when the Jews rejected Christ there was no such assurance of reinstatement. That which God purposed to do for the world through Israel, the chosen nation, He will finally accomplish through His church on earth to-day. The transition from literal Israel to spiritual Israel, or the Christian church, is the subject of Romans 9-11. Isaiah was best known as the Hebrew prophet who predicted the coming of Jesus Christ to salvage mankind from sin. In the lives of Gods people the truths of His word are to reveal their glory and excellence. Yet, since Gods purposes are immutable (Psalms 33:11; Prov. They forfeited Gods blessing because of failure to fulfill His purpose in making them His chosen people, and thus brought ruin upon themselves. Superior craftsmanship. WebBefore we begin our review of the parts of Jeremiahs early ministry, let us first set out the usual and customary picture of it. The exposition of Scripture attempted by proponents of the British-Israel theory consists of an admixture of selected Bible passages with legend, folk tales, and speculation. But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. Emphasize to the children that the people at the time did not believe Isaiah. This prophecy must have been pronounced either before Jeroboam came to the throne (approximately 793 B.C.) But with regards to how Jeremiah died, the Scriptures leave no record. 2. Enigmatic is his statement that this 5th year of captivity was also the thirtieth year. It is believed that the prophet refers either to his own age or to that year as the 30th year reckoned from the reform which took place during the 18th year of Josiah. The sons of the stranger [or Gentile, 1 Kings 8:41; see on Exodus 12:19, 43] would join themselves to the Lord, to serve him, and to love the name of the Lord (Isaiah 56:6; Zechariah 2:11). 3:5). WebIsaiah, the first of the prophets considered "major," had an active ministry that centered in Jerusalem. 9:129) This verse first It is possible that Hebrews 11:37 refers to this event. Yet many of the promises, particularly those concerning the giving of the gospel to the nations and the establishment of the Messianic kingdom, could not be fulfilled to them because of their unfaithfulness, but would be fulfilled to the church on earth preparatory to Christs return, particularly to Gods remnant people, and in the new earth. We shall be protected against the grossly literal explanation of some expositors concerning the return of literal Israel to literal Palestine to rule the world for a thousand years prior to the close of human probation, and also against other equally unscriptural interpretations that propose to apply allegorically to the church all the details of the promises originally made to literal Israel. For these reasons his ministry can be dated from about 755 (or earlier) to about 725 B.C. The kingdom was divided following Solomons death (see 1 Kings 11:33-38). It is certain, however, that he lived and labored in the southern kingdom, and that his main prophecy dealt with Assyria in general and Nineveh in particular. Following this line of interpretation, some have gone to the extreme of proposing a Christian migration to Palestine. 6566). The futurist school ignores both the conditional element pervading predictive prophecy, clearly and emphatically proclaimed by the prophets themselves, and the specific statements of the New Testament that affirm that the privileges and responsibilities of ancient Israel have, in Christ, been transferred to the church. All rights reserved. Few passages of Scripture are more commonly misunderstood and variously interpreted than those containing the divine promises made to ancient Israel through the prophets. Jeremiah sank into the mud, according to the biblical account. Christianity is a historical religion, and its inspired messages are anchored to the hills and valleys, the deserts and rivers, of the ancient world, and to literal men and women who once walked the earth. He had told them that He would progressively diminish their strength and honor as a nation until they should all be carried away into captivity (Deuteronomy 28:15-68; 2 Chronicles 36:16, 17). The work of no other prophet can be dated so definitely as that of Haggai. This fact is recognized by the various New Testament writers, who quoted Isaiah more than 90 times. But the manner in which it is carried out may change because man may change. Josiah was also still a young king, having reached the age of but 21 years at that time. Now it is spiritual Israel, in the past not a people but now the people of God, that are to shew forth the praises of the One who has called them out of darkness into his marvellous light (1 Peter 2:9, 10). The Assyrian capital city of Nineveh was captured and destroyed by the combined forces of Media and Babylonia in 612 B.C., which is, accordingly, the latest possible date for Nahum. The fickle, human will is the weak, unstable factor in conditional prophecy. Matthew 19:16, 17; 22:36-40). Who became king of Babylon about the same time that Jeremiah was called by God. The material advantages that Israel enjoyed were designed to arrest the attention and catch the interest of the heathen, for whom the less obvious spiritual advantages had no natural attraction. Unparalleled prosperity. In spite of Israels ultimate failure, a limited knowledge of the true God and of the Messianic hope was widespread when the Saviour was born (see on Matthew 2:1). Many others, including Lehi and Jeremiah, lived at the same time. In this case, he was an octogenarian. They devised different theologies to respond to the destruction of the Temple. But, said the angel, Messiah would be rejected and cut off, because of the abominations of Israel, and Jerusalem and the Temple would once more life waste (verses 26, 27). The ministry of Amos may therefore have fallen in the years 767-753 B.C. The following simple rules are suggested as a safe approach to the study of each prophetic passage of the Old Testament: 1. Malachi 3:12), and their God the only true God (Isaiah 45:14). The blessings thus assured to Israel are, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens. During the reign of Zedekiah, Judahs last king, Jeremiah was thrown into prison, being considered a traitor to his country (chapter 37:11-16) because he advised his people to surrender to the Babylonians. In a mysterious way known only to God the prophets words were sometimes intended to meet their fulfillment in the then far-distant future. Godlinessgodlikenessis the goal to be reached. You may not distribute or commercially use the content on any other website or other form of electronic retrieval system. Hosea 2:6-13). Obadiahs prophecy, directed against Edom, presupposes that a looting of Jerusalem and a carrying away of many Jews into captivity had recently taken place. This article surveys the fundamental problem of the interpretation of the prophetic portions of the Old Testament in terms of their message to Israel of old and to the church today. ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. See Deuteronomy 7:13; 28:2-8; Malachi 3:8-11. The Temple is mentioned as still existing (chapter 2:20), which shows that the book was written before Nebuchadnezzars destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C. Daniel 5:25-28; Matthew 21:40-43; 22:3-10; Luke 14:24). Finally, it was demonstrated before the universe that, apart from God, humanity could not be uplifted, and that a new element of life and power must be imparted by Him who made the world. The 7th-century view.This view holds that Joels ministry seems to fit into the early years of Josiah, when Assyrian power was nearing its end and Babylon was still a weak kingdom. It should be remembered that God does not force the human will, and that Israels cooperation was essential to the success of His plan for the nation. Hence no reference to these two kingdoms was made by the prophet. Having begun his ministry in the time of Uzziah, king of Judah, and Jeroboam II, king of Israel (chapter 1:1), Hosea continued until the time of Hezekiah, king of Judah (chapter 1:1). EZEKIEL is born Josiah tries to purify the land 612 Ninevah destroyed according to Nahum's prophecy in the Book of Nahum 1:1-3:19 as prophecied in 663-654BC. Partial compliance on their part with the will of God made possible a partial fulfillment of the covenant promises on Gods part. The state was still to be administered in the name, and by the authority, of God. He quotes Hosea 2:23. The glorious promises originally made to literal Israel are meeting their fulfillment today in the proclamation of the gospel to all men (Revelation 14:6, 7).

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